In this post we are discuss about the services of operating system .The operating system controls the hardware components for the efficient use of these hardware components for various users. They are performing various tasks like recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

Main components of computer system are following :-

User
Application software
Operating system
Computer hardware

Operating System Services

Following are the services provided by an operating system for the convenience of users:-

Program Execution
Input / Output Operations
File System Manipulation
Communication
Error Detection
Resource Allocation
Accounting
Protection System

Program Execution

The purpose of computer system is to allow the users to execute the program in an efficient manner.
So, the operating system provides an environment where the user can conveniently run these programs.
The user does not have to worry about the memory allocation or deallocation or any other things are taken care of the operating system.
To run a program, the program is required to be loaded into the RAM first and then to assign CPU time for it's execution.
The OS( operating system ) performs this function for the convenience of the user.
It also performs other important tasks like allocation and deallocation of memory, CPU scheduling etc.
Operating system perform different type operations such as
They also help to loads program into the memory
They also helps to execute the programs.
They are handles the programs execution.
Operating system provide a mechanism for process synchronization.

Input / Output Operations

Every program requires an input and after processing the input submitted by user it produces output.
This involves the use of input output devices.
The operating system hides the user from all these details of underlying hardware for the input/output.
So the operating system makes the users convenient to run programs by providing input/output functions.
The input/output service cannot be provided by user level programs and it must be provided by the operating system.

File System Manipulation

While working on the computer, generally a user is required to manipulate various types of files like opening a file, saving a file and deleting a file from the storage disk.
This is an important task is also performed by the operating system.
It provide easiest way for the user programs to accomplish their task by providing the file system manipulation service.
File manipulation service is performed by the Secondary Storage Management a part of the operating system.
They also help for access to the program for performing an operation on file.
Programs need to read and write a file.
The operating system provided a interface which help to delete or create a file.
They also help for user to creates or delete directories.
The backup of file system can be created by using an interface. This interface provided by the operating system.

Communication

They performs the communication among various types of processes in the form of shared memory.
In multiplexing environment, the processes, need to communicate with each other and to exchange their information.
So, these processes are created under a hierarchical structure where the main process is known as parent process and the sub processes are known as child processes.

Error Detection

Operating system also deals with hardware problems.
The operating system constantly monitors the system for detecting the errors and fixing these errors for avoid hardware problems.
The main function of operating system is to detect the errors like bad sectors on hard disk, memory overflow and errors related to input/output devices.
After detecting the errors, operating system takes an appropriate for consistent computing.
The services of error detection and error correction cannot be handled by user programs because it involves monitoring the entire computing process.
These tasks are too critical to be handled over to the programs.
A user program, if given these privileges, can interfere with the corresponding operation of the operating system.

Resource Allocation

In the multitasking environment, when multiple jobs are running at a time, it is the responsibility of an operating system to allocate the required resources to each process for it's better utilization.
For this purpose three types of algorithms are implemented. Algorithms are following :-

process scheduling,
CPU scheduling,
disk scheduling etc.

Accounting

Operating system manage and keeps an account of all the resources accessed by each process or user.
In multiplexing, accounting enhances the system performance with the allocation of resources to each process ensuring the satisfaction to each process.

Protection System

The various processes must be protected from one another's activities because operating system manage multiple processes concurrently when multiple users using a same time computer system.
Protection in computer system mainly refers to a mechanism for controlling the access of programs, processes, or users to the resources defined by a computer system.
Operating system provides system protection from outside environment authenticating the user by means of passwords.
Today computer based on two data security techniques :-

Encryption technique
Decryption technique

Operating system services as a resource manager

Process Management
Main Memory Management
File Management
Input/Output Device Management
Secondary Storage Management
Networking
Protection
Command Interpreter System

The above services are provided by operating system. They works as a resource manager to manage the resources efficiently in a computer such as processor, memory, input/ output devices etc. The decision about which resources are used by which running programs and how to administer them, is known as the resource management. The operating system assigns the computer resources to processes for an efficient use. So, it plays an important role as a resource manager while ensuring the user satisfaction.

If you need to gain detail information about services of operating system as a resource manager then visit.

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